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| A car after it and its passengers are set alight by a Sinhalese mob, Colombo, July 1983 |
During the 1983 massacre of Tamil civilians in Colombo, 52 Tamils held in the maximum security section of the Welikade jail in Colombo were battered to death by a large group of well armed Sinhalese prisoners while the prison guards and army officials looked on.
Some of the other 290 prisoners testified that gangs of hoodlums were brought into prison from outside. There is also evidence that prison officials participated in the killing orgy with prison equipment such as axes and knives being given to other prisoners. The then President, J.R. Jayawardene and some of his Cabinet Ministers and their bands of hooligans who were responsible for systematically destroying Tamil lives and property in Colombo were implicated in this massacre. International bodies pointed out that such a massacre could not have occurred without the complicity of prison officials, especially since the prisoners were in the maximum-security section of the prison.
In December 1997, three Tamils were hacked to death in prison while guards looked on. In January this year (2000), two Tamil political detainees were murdered in the Kalutara prison just south of Colombo.
A week ago, on 25 October 2000, Tamil boys aged between 14-23 were massacred by Sinhalese hoodlums at the Bindunuwewa Rehabilitation Centre, some 3 miles from Bandarawela town in the hill country of Sri Lanka. This Rehabilitation Centre is jointly run by President Kumaratunge’s Presidential Secretariat, Child Protection Authority, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, National Youth Services Council and the Don Bosco Technical Centre.
The youths were detained under the notorious “Prevention of Terrorism Act”, which breaches every international convention. A police unit and 12 home guards recruited from the neighbourhood were in charge of security. It is important to appreciate that the young detainees were being held without charge or trial. They had been demanding that charges be filed against them or that they be released. They were denied the judicial process to which they have a right under the U.N. International Convention on Civil and Political Rights to which Sri Lanka acceded in 1980.
Article 9 (2) states “that persons arrested should receive prompt notification of reasons for arrest and any charges made against them. Article 9 (3) states that they should be promptly brought before a judge and brought to trial or released.
At 5.30 am on the morning of 25 October 2000, 2000 Sinhalese thugs stormed the Rehabilitation Centre wielding knives, machetes, axes and iron rods.
They hacked to death some 24 detainees and set fire to the buildings. 16 detainees were seriously wounded and another 7 injured and twenty were missing. It is likely that the death toll will rise in view of the seriousness of the injuries and the refusal of the staff of the local Bandarawela hospital to treat the injured. The death toll has, in fact, already risen and currently stands at 29. It could rise further.
There is no question that some of the home guards and policemen aided the mob. Some of the mob had been transported from elsewhere in vehicles. (I know the area well and there is simply no public transport to move such a large number of people). What is even more serious is that when the injured were taken to the Bandarawela Hospital, the medical staff refused to attend to them saying they were Tamil Tigers. Journalists trying to get some information about the massacre were subjected to intimidation by police who attempted to portray this as an escape attempt, a riot etc. When Non-Governmental organisations tried to visit the scene, they were told by the hooligans “We have cleared the area of Tigers and protected our homeland. Go away and don’t report anything that would discredit our Sinhala-Buddhist country”.
In what was no more than damage control, the police arrived and arrested some 250 of the hooligans. However, crowds numbering thousands converged on the police station and the hoodlums were released, confirming that it was all an exercise in window dressing.
President Kumaratunge and her government must take full responsibility for yet another blot in Sri Lankan history.
The Sri Lankan Foreign Minister, perhaps one of the most disgraceful and despicable Foreign Ministers we ever had, distributed large numbers of copies of the booklet “Impact of Armed Conflict on Children the Sri Lankan case”, to delegates at the International Conference on war affected children held in Winnipeg, Canada [September 10-17,2000.]
In it the Government of Sri Lanka claims that it “has paid considerable attention to the aspects of rehabilitation and meeting the needs of LTTE child soldiers/youths who surrender. This has been in operation since 1996 and was supervised by the Presidential Committee on “Safety and Welfare of LTTE Child Soldiers”, part of the Presidential Task Force on Human Disaster Management.
The booklet goes on to state, “in order to carry out a more comprehensive rehabilitation program with the aim of reuniting these children into society, a multi-sectional steering committee chaired by Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar was constituted by the President in November 1999.
If what we have seen in Bindunuwewa is the outcome of this “rehabilitation program”, the International Community must act. Or do we wait for the next massacre?
To expect the Sri Lankan government to act is as good as closing the book. If President Kumaratunga is as concerned about this despicable act as she appears to be, will she allow an international independent body to investigate this and other massacres? If she does not, her credibility will be about as poor as that of J.R. Jayawardene.
It would appear that all the talk of “safety and welfare of child soldiers”, “rehabilitation and reunification into society” etc., are fine words for international consumption and propaganda.
A further follow-up publication may be necessary as the ‘plot unfolds’ and the real culprits responsible for this menace, are identified. After the 1983 massacre of Tamils in Colombo, I wrote the booklet “Unanswered Questions, The July 1983 Massacre” which was published before all the details were known.
I wrote this almost by way of an apology to the Tamil people since the then President J. R. Jayawardene had difficulty in doing so. After 4 days of deafening silence, all he could do was to address the nation on television and apologise to the Sinhalese for the inconvenience caused by the long queues for groceries. Not a word of sympathy or even regret to the Tamils whose lives and property had been shattered.
Under these circumstances, I thought it mandatory for a Sinhalese to express sympathy to the Tamil people and apologise for the way the Sinhalese thugs and hoodlums had behaved.
However, even at that early stage it was clear that Jayawardene and several of his senior ministers and UNP stalwarts had plotted this massacre for several months. When the full story emerged several months later, the degree to which they were involved became clear.
Similarly with this current massacre, what we can see now is only the tip of the iceberg. There will be a lot more to see if (and that is a very big “if”) an impartial and open inquiry is held. The chance that it will be open, independent and impartial, with foreign observers present is remote. A whitewash is likely. The reason for my scepticism is that even at this early stage there are some serious questions that have to be answered.
On this day preceding the massacre, the detainees had threatened to go on a hunger strike unless they were charged (or released if charges could not be levied). The army was called in from the nearby army camp in Diyatalawa. However the army left the detention centre just 6 hours before the massacre. Why?
The day before the massacre notices appeared in Bandarawela town that the area should be “rid of Tigers” From where did these notice appear?
Sinhalese villagers living in the area are being blamed for the massacre. This is about as absurd as the Indonesian Government claiming that the East Timor slaughter was done by “rogue elements” of the Indonesian army. Sri Lanka’s own human rights panel, The Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRC) has already issued an 18-page report that it could not accept that thousands of local residents had stormed the rehabilitation centre and beat the inmates to death.
The HRC points out that the crowd only had knives, poles and implements and not firearms. The police on the other hand, were fully armed, and could easily have brought the rampaging mob under control. Why didn’t they?
There is documentary evidence that there had been an excellent rapport between the detainees and the local villagers. The detainees, as part of their work, had to do some social work in the village.
Several villagers, astounded and angered by the charge that they had been responsible for the massacre, have already come out and stated quite clearly that they were “helpful boys” who helped in several chores in the village. I doubt if the Sri Lankan government will be able to conceal the identity of those responsible, anymore than Jayawardene was able to conceal the identity of those responsible for the 1983 massacre.
As with the July 1983 massacre of Tamils in Colombo and the south the October 2000 massacre of Tamil youths in the so-called “Rehabilitation Centre” points to a well planned, well organised event. Planned by whom, executed by whom and on whose orders? The answers will come, a whitewash inquiry not withstanding.
When it does, Kumaratunga, her armed forces and the Sinhalese extremists and thugs she seems to be so reluctant to take on, may not come out of this one with any great glory- her reassuring noises notwithstanding.
The world cannot wait for this “non-event”. The least we can do is to demand that,
1. All the political detainees (some 3000) being held without charge or trial are released at once (or charged). To hold them without charge or trial is illegal and if the Sri Lankan government is unwilling to rectify this, we will have to mobilise international action to force the government to do so. This we have done in Indonesia, Bosnia and several other places. Why not Sri Lanka?
2. The Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) under which these (and many more atrocities) are committed is withdrawn at once. It has been condemned by Amnesty International and numerous international legal bodies and human rights groups. Sri Lanka cannot getaway with this Act, which is more reminiscent of a despotic regime than a supposed democracy.
3. An international team is admitted at once to investigate the massacre.
If the international community does not act, and act now, they will be about as responsible as the hoodlums, the police, the armed forces and their political masters, who were responsible for this barbaric deed.
Brian Senewiratne Australia
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